![]() Wolf: I place all of those comprehension processes under the rubric of deep reading. Kappan: When you make the distinction between the novice reading brain and the expert reading brain, you’re saying that the expert brain has developed the capacity to make inferences and engage in critical thinking? Thus, when we read, we begin by learning to decode print and to derive information from cracking this code and then over our life span learning to connect the act of reading to our most sophisticated comprehension processes. This same plasticity, however, also means that developmentally it can begin very simply and remain simple, or it can steadily elaborate over time. The outcome is an extraordinary range of processes that all come together to propel thought. It adds so many cognitive skills that, by the end, the reading circuit involves a panoply of some of the most basic processes connected to some of the most sophisticated cognitive and linguistic processes that human beings have ever achieved. Over time, it adds inference, analogy, perspective taking. Though it begins by connecting vision and language processes, it goes on to connect concepts, background knowledge, all the aspects of language like syntax, semantics, and morphology. Reading is both a symbolic act, but it’s also an extraordinary act in terms of cerebral complexity and plasticity. Reading embodies the ability of the brain to rearrange circuits that were not necessarily connected in any other way and connect them so that something new occurs. Pascal said there is nothing new under this earth, but there is rearrangement. Through reading, we take two independent functions, like vision and language, and we are able to connect them symbolically and make something new. Reading reflects one of our human brain’s most essential capacities that goes beyond any primate brain. Reading involves the acquisition of an entire symbolic code, which is both visual and verbal. You can put a child anywhere in the world in a speaking environment, and it will naturally trigger their language. MARYANNE Wolf: In contrast to oral language or vision or cognition, there is no genetic program for learning to read. That made me wonder what really is reading? What do we mean when we say someone is learning to read? It’s not like seeing or speaking or tasting or anything like that. Kappan: You’ve said that reading is essentially an unnatural process, that it’s an acquired skill. Full custom designs can be cost-effective for as few as 25 units.Every child needs a repertoire of digital skills, but educators also must ensure that children develop the deep reading skills of an expert reader over time. All design inquiries are assessed and responded to with the delivery of a detailed functional specification within 3 business days. WOLF can also respond to requests for full custom designs, to meet a customer’s unique needs. VNX signal mapping and bus structure was derived from VPX, specifically VITA 46, providing inter-module connectivity. This form factor is roughly 50 percent of the weight and 30 percent of the volume compared to a typical 3U VPX. The VNX specification defines the physical size of the two standard size modules, the module connectors, and the pin assignments of the signals on the module connector. VNX modules use the compact VITA 74 specification which defines an extremely small form factor. The COM Express specification is hosted by PICMG. The COM modules plug into a baseboard that is typically customized to the application. All I/O signals are mapped to two high density, low profile connectors on the bottom side of the module. The PMC standard is known as the IEEE P1386.1.ĬOM Express is a standard of multiple standards. Each COM Express Module COM integrates core CPU and memory functionality, the common I/O of a PC/AT, USB, audio, graphics, and Ethernet. WOLF is able to provide access to newer GPUs on PMC modules by utilizing a PCIe-to-PCI bridge and maxing out the PCI bus with PCIe x1 equivalent speeds. PMC is a mezzanine standard operating on a PCI bus. ![]() Standard architectures supported by WOLF: See the WOLF Other SFF Product Selection Grid ![]() Whether you have a requirement for a standard architecture or an architecture that meets your exact specifications contact WOLF to discuss your needs. WOLF products and product designs include PMC modules, COM Express modules, VNX modules, and custom form factors. WOLF’s expertise in small form factor (SFF) video graphics cards allows the engineering design team to offer products using a wide variety of architectures.
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